Television as a Cultural Transporter in Human Lives Essay

TV as a Cultural Transporter in Human Lives - Essay Example Man has been profiting by the previously mentioned term that has capably given an instructive, just as, intuitive stage all through the world. Quickly, different administrations and assets have been gathered and given by the TV in an engaging way for the improvement and advancement of mankind. Throughout the entire existence of mankind, the field of correspondence has built up a ton, and one of the most remarkable advancements is possibly, the TV. (Consumes, pp. 52-56, 1998) However, everything has its favorable circumstances, just as, drawbacks, and it relies on the individual to either profit by it, or permit the issue to hurt the environmental factors. Therefore, TV and TV broadcasting has additionally favorable circumstances, just as, downsides; be that as it may, impediments have been exceeded by the predominant immensity of its focal points. In spite of the fact that, it is a typical idea that the rule elements of the TV are shows, cleansers, promoting, and the news. In any case, TV establishes of more than the previously mentioned instruments and assets, which will be talked about in this paper. These days, contemporary situation has been profiting by this apparatus, which has substantiated itself as truly outstanding among rest of the world. Today, a solitary room has been introduced as another and imaginative appearance of the entire globe. (Dornfield, pp. 51-54, 1998) Currently, an understudy can even gain his instruction on the TV without standing up from his seat. Then again, a specialist can make an arrangement by being refreshed of best providers, just as, most recent innovations around the globe with no visa application, just as, with no voyaging costs, which was impractical a few decades back. Additionally, a South African can get most recent updates on an occasion happening in United Kingdom, which has just gotten conceivable because of the accessibility of the TV broadcasting in pretty much every side of the world. Moreover, many channels can be seen and engage a large number of watchers and dazzle them inside some remote snaps, and without gathering the recordings that require bunches of room. Strikingly, shopping should likewise be possible on TV inside minutes with the assistance of Visas without meandering in the surge of shopping centers, which has been extraordinarily refreshing by the female masses of the globe. In this way, TV has gotten a matter of just fingertips, and has advanced, just as, helped the people in accomplishing a superior and improved spot in their lives. (Cole, pp. 32-38, 1970) At the end of the day, a little worldwide town has been framed by the creation and presentation of TV into the human lives. Correspondence has gotten only seconds starting with one corner of the world then onto the next. Various news channels have been built up to give current undertakings, ongoing updates, breaking news, business news, and so on to a large number of watchers from various and differing societies around the world. Dependability and speed is being advanced and improved step by step, which has changed the view of people by any stretch of the imagination. It is presently only a small amount of second to check the meteorological forecast of an African city, or study the European culture from the

Apple Inc. Strategic Management Free Essays

Case 10: Apple Computer and Steve P. Employments (2006) Issue/Problem Identification 1. Macintosh is known to give clients a PC upheaval that is anything but difficult to-utilize machine. We will compose a custom article test on Apple Inc. Key Management or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now It was established in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Apple was a triumph toward the starting time of its creation because of advertising and mechanical advancement and the organization has concocted. Apple developed rapidly as the advancement of the items increments and the income kept on developing. Apple’s business procedure is to concentrate its items on separation by giving an exceptional item that is difficult to clone and charges its items at a top notch cost. In 1983, Apple confronted a trouble since PC entered the market and was advertising their items at a low cost to its buyers taking some of Apple’s buyers. Around two years after the fact, Job surrendered and John Sculley turned into the CEO and Chairman of Apple. With Sculley assuming control over, Apple expanded its deals during the 1990s and was selling more PCs than some other organizations until PCs utilizing Microsoft Windows began to command the market. In 1997, Job was supplanted back as the CEO and took its items back to progress. 2. One of the major superseding issues for this situation manages the supervisory crew. The CEO of Apple was continuingly evolving. The aftereffect of moving CEO made Apple precarious. The organization was effective toward the start of the business and following a couple of years when another CEO dominated, it was confronted with several issues, and the CEO was supplanted by and by to take Apple back to the serious market. Another significant issue to the case incorporates the late recording of the quarterly report. Apple was cautioned by NASDAQ of their perhaps delisting. Since Apple was experiencing issues with their alternatives bookkeeping, the organization set aside more effort to make sense of what to report for their second from last quarter. However, Apple was not by any means the only organization that confronted this issue. In excess of 7,300 organizations were additionally confronted with a similar issue. 3. The continuingly changing of CEO and the delisting from NASDAQ trade were not by any means the only two issues that Apple confronted. Other related issues incorporate the investment opportunity examination, the PC batteries, and making iTunes and iPod player a good music player. In 2006, Apple confronted an issue on the examination of inconsistencies identified with the company’s issuance of investment opportunities. The portions of stock fell 3 percent and the examination was performed. Another related issue was the review of 1. 8 million PC batteries. Apple was not by any means the only organization who reviewed their item; Dell was additionally confronted with a similar issue. Besides, iTunes was the source that permitted clients to download music on the off chance that they are utilizing an iPod. IPod was not perfect with some other music player aside from iTunes; that made an issue since it restricted the customer’s wellspring of downloading music. Partner Analysis and Management Evaluation 1. The partners for this situation are Steve Jobs and the other CEO of Apple, the clients, the workers, and the legislature. Steve Jobs, the fellow benefactor of Apple, and the remainder of the CEO have an expectation of procuring pay from the organization. Clients from everywhere throughout the world buy items from Apple. Concerning the workers of Apple, the organization can't work without its representatives and these representatives get pay from the organization. Another partner is the administration. Apple needs to pay permit expenses and the legislature has administrative authority over the organization. 2. The focal administration choices were viable at a specific timeframe. The organization is basely run by Steve Jobs. At the point when Jobs made Apple, the business was a triumph. After he surrendered and passed the CEO position to another person, the organization kept on doing admirably for a spell, yet confronted a defeat at a point until Jobs returned for the CEO position once more. At the point when Jobs was the CEO, the administration choices were compelling in light of the fact that the organization was making incomes and the items were pulling in to clients. As contenders began to sell comparable items, Apple was confronted with a couple of issues since the organization decided to separate its items by selling its item at a top notch cost. For Apple to sell its items at a top notch value, it must be a trusted and notable brand. As today is self-evident, Apple has made numerous dedication clients. Proposals and Implementation 1. With the goal for Apple to make more incomes and keep on remaining in business, Apple’s supervisory group ought not just rely upon Steve Jobs. The supervisory group must fill in as a group and ensure that the organization can in any case be effective without Steve Jobs. The facts confirm that in light of Steve Jobs, Apple has become a fruitful organization however Steve Jobs won't be with Apple perpetually and the supervisory crew must mull over that and have the option to carry on the business without Steve Jobs. 2. A few choices incorporate growing new items from time to time to pull in purchasers. Likewise Case Study will portray why Apple Inc. is an extremely effective organization. Macintosh is as of now great at doing this since it is continually remodeling its items from multiple points of view whether it is a Mac Book, an iPod, or an iPad to draw in its clients and staying aware of the general public. This option is useful for both long haul and present moment. Individuals will keep on believing that the brand is as yet pulling in. 3. A portion of the usage that ought to be considered is to employ the correct individuals to work for the organization; individuals that will carry new plans to the organization. Since Apple is continually growing new items, the organization ought to likewise keep on guaranteeing that the nature of the items is at its most significant level. Instructions to refer to Apple Inc. Vital Management, Essay models

Free Essays on Marriage In Victorian Times

Love and marriage-in today’s present day sense when we think about a wedding we frequently partner these two terms together. We consider dating and beaus and lady friends and trying different things with various accomplices until we are certain we have discovered our genuine romance. This was not an extravagance that the Victorians had. The two messages that we read, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Charles Dicken’s Great Expectations, both speak to various romance and marriage customs taken from their viewpoint timespans. In this paper I will investigate these various customs inside the diverse social classes spoke to. Perspectives on marriage and social class in the general public of nineteenth century England were altogether different from sees in present day American culture. There were two concerns when managing marriage in England during this timeframe. These issues were social class and riches. Love was regularly not an extravagance that they could manage the cost of when mates were picked. In Pride and Prejudice Austin shows that marriage was not a demonstration of adoration, yet rather a demonstration of endurance. Ladies were regularly offered to pick up riches and dependability in the public eye, while men, then again, wedded for solace and friendship and to satisfy the standard of society. The relationships in this story comprised of individuals from the privileged societies. The relationships in Great Expectations, then again were essentially from the white collar class. They managed feelings to a degree, however were principally about money related or cultural addition. In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs. Bennet spouse and mother of five little girls had a straightforward perspective on marriage. Her objective was to wed each, if not all in any event one, of her little girls off to the man who had the most cash and was generally noticeable in the public arena. Most moms of the time occupied with this action to a degree, in any case, because of the entailment of their domain, this undertaking devoured as long as she can remember. The story centers essentially around two romances those between Darcy ... Free Essays on Marriage In Victorian Times Free Essays on Marriage In Victorian Times Love and marriage-in today’s present day sense when we think about a wedding we regularly partner these two terms together. We consider dating and sweethearts and lady friends and trying different things with various accomplices until we are certain we have discovered our genuine romance. This was not an extravagance that the Victorians had. The two messages that we read, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Charles Dicken’s Great Expectations, both speak to various romance and marriage ceremonies taken from their point of view timeframes. In this paper I will investigate these various ceremonies inside the distinctive social classes spoke to. Perspectives on marriage and social class in the general public of nineteenth century England were totally different from sees in current American culture. There were two concerns when managing marriage in England during this timespan. These issues were social class and riches. Love was frequently not an extravagance that they could bear the cost of when mates were picked. In Pride and Prejudice Austin shows that marriage was not a demonstration of adoration, but instead a demonstration of endurance. Ladies were regularly offered to pick up riches and steadiness in the public arena, while men, then again, wedded for solace and friendship and to satisfy the standard of society. The relationships in this story comprised of individuals from the privileged societies. The relationships in Great Expectations, then again were fundamentally from the working class. They managed feelings to a degree, however were principally about money related or cultural addition. In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs. Bennet spouse and mother of five girls had a straightforward perspective on marriage. Her objective was to wed each, if not all at any rate one, of her girls off to the man who had the most cash and was generally conspicuous in the public arena. Most moms of the time occupied with this movement to a degree, in any case, because of the entailment of their home, this undertaking expended as long as she can remember. The story centers basically around two romances those between Darcy ...

Government Enforced Cyber Security, a Public Good? Essay

We as a whole realize that digital security is something critical to anybody attempting to ensure their system resources, client resources, and individual resources. The rundown of potential dangers related with fail to rehearse great digital security are perpetual, and the perils hiding out in the internet too various to even think about imagining any individual who is controlling any sort of organization system to disregard; yet the inquiry here is whether the legislature ought to turn into the digital security master inside in its own administration division as well as inside the private segment just as an open decent. Before we get into the conversation of whether the legislature should assume this job, I accept we ought to have a short conversation on what â€Å"public good† really implies. As a rule â€Å"public good† is a free term used to legitimize a move one is making, by saying that it is to the greatest advantage of everyone to do as such. The suggestions behind the utilization of the term â€Å"public good† is that #1 the activity is helpful to a larger part of the populace; and #2 that most of the populace is either excessively uninformed, or unable for reasons unknown of playing out the activity for themselves. The utilization of the term is likewise convenient in light of the fact that it is vague with regards to WHO is really profiting by the activities; is it the general buyer, the independent ventures, large organizations, the legislature, a specific vested party, the entirety of the abovementioned, nothing from what was just mentioned, Who? Who is really profiting by the demonstration? By utilizing the term the â€Å"public good† one doesn't need to represent who is really profiting. Nor do they need to recognize who may be hurt or adversely influenced by the activity either. Also by utilizing the term that it is for the â€Å"public good†, naturally the idea of how much will it cost, and w ho is going to pay for it, is apparently consequently a non-concern. So by the very idea of the term for â€Å"the open good† the client of said term has endeavored to think of themselves a limitless ticket to ride, measuring and legitimizing any activities they intend to execute and authorize. The term â€Å"public good† has been utilized by different elements since the beginning to achieve the absolute most awful violations against their kin, and to coerce unbelievable measures of riches and merchandise from their populaces. Whenever the term â€Å"public good† is utilized to request legitimization for an activity from any element it ought to be promptly fundamentally inspected with a very discover tooth search to discover what the inspirations for such a nice thought may be, just as broke down by a firm bookkeeper to discover where the cash is, and where it leads in the suggestion. The term â€Å"public good† beyond what some other term I can consider, is as a rule the very term used to lead more sheep to their own peace ful butcher then any battle cry ever has. It ought to consistently be drawn nearer with skeptism and alert when utilized, particularly related to the word government. Is Enforcement of Cyber Security a Public Good? Should the implementation of digital security be viewed as a â€Å"public good†? This is an extremely troublesome inquiry to reply. In principle, by all accounts, requirement of digital security appears as though it may be an entirely practical open help. As practical as different assurances offered as an open decent, for example, the administrations of military and police insurances. However, at that point you start to look somewhat more profound into the subject and you understand that authorization of digital security insurances has a lot more layers then the requirement of physical assurances, for example, military and police. So as to implement digital security an element would need to do significantly more than basically give, train, and store powers to watch the physical zones that are in harm's way. Upholding digital security is significantly more much the same as constraining a draft of military assistance on everyone and driving them to pay for their own room, board, preparing and administration costs while they are in the military for sure. So as to uphold digital security you should constrain every individual who has any cooperation with the digital world, into turning into a digital security monitor, regardless of whether they wish to be one or not. Furthermore you power any substance whether it’s a multi-billion dollar partnership, a solitary individual forcing a business to leave their cellar, or an individual from everyone everywhere attempting to get to the web, into subsidizing not just the physical hardware and programming required to be a decent digital security watch, however the interminable preparing and training costs related with it too. It would resemble an element not just proposing that individuals ought to have bolts on their entryways, yet upholding it with prerequisites for twofold steel upheld 12 inch wide entryways with a base 3 bolts on it. One of which must be forte figures lock, and punishing those that don't have said entryway, by removing their whole house. This â€Å"public good† whenever done the manner in which it is required to be done to really be insignificantly compelling, has now become an all inclusive weight simply like charges, who’s just network quality would be the bound together disdain the â€Å"public† would have for its upholding substance and authorization strategies; especially like the hatred the overall population has for the IRS. This all being stated, I figure it safe to state that calling the compulsory implementation of digital security a â€Å"public good† is about as precise as calling the obligatory charges we pay a â€Å"public good†. The vast majority when left to talk about their own examination with regards to whether duties are truly something that is useful for most of people in general would will in general tend to disagree. Should government implement digital security in the private part? The administration of the United States has numerous jobs. A portion of these are jobs it was planned to have by the Founding Fathers, as composed into the Constitution, and most others were accepted, acquired, given, or seized by certain methods still obscure to me. One of the best possible jobs of the administration is to give assurance to its residents by the creation and requirement of laws that secure the individuals, ie..Murder is a wrongdoing deserving of death; and the making of insurance elements/powers, for example, police, fire, and military, to truly watch the zones our residents possess to ensure the lives, and property that they own, which is comprehensive of the land they involve as a country. These ideas were really straightforward, despite the fact that our congress despite everything figured out how to some way or another sloppy them; yet as of not long ago with the innovation of the web and the internet it was truly simple to tell where the fringes of our country f inished and another’s started, and what established a criminal activity against another person’s being or property. At any rate the basic man could tell these things, legal counselors, judges and government officials can be rejected from that announcement. In the internet, there are no limits. The line of what to ensure and what is outside the domain of required government insurance is exceptionally dim. Subsequently the administration as of not long ago has limited its authorization of digital security to its own administration systems. This degree of insurance is the best possible obligation of the administration, since it is ensuring its systems in light of a legitimate concern for national security. The office liable for the assurance of its residents just as national security is the Department of Defense. The previous 15 years with the blast of Information Systems the DOD has discovered that its outstanding task at hand and obligations have expanded drastically with the administration utilization of Information Technology frameworks. In the previous 5 years alone the digital security outstanding burden on the DOD has dramatically increased. In spite of the fact that the U.S. DOD is likely the most secure and productive government element on the planet, it is a long way from perfect on levels of security, and it comes up short on the labor and assets to stay aware of its own requests of digital security executions. I have worked in the DOD for more than 10 years now, and can disclose to you direct that security frequencies happen every day, and the security dangers to our administration systems is a consistent rhythmic movement of activity/response. Once in a while does the office get an opportunity, have the opportunity, or the assets to be master dynamic rather than re-dynamic. At last also, with the absolute best security advances set up, even the legislature must stay dependant on the human components to ensure the systems, and data. The Wiki-Leaks web postings are an ideal case of that reliance gone severely. It could possibly have been a specialized mis-security that permitted that administration representative access to such touchy information, however it was at last a few human disappointments that took into account that data to be posted on the web. The disappointment of the believed government worker to keep the data he was depended with mystery, and the disappointment of what number of web site proprietors to work at securing delicate national information of the nation some of them were real residents of. The possibility that the present DOD could even authorize digital security in the private segment isn't just funny, yet in addition a very threatening and unnerving idea. The administration implementation of digital security in the private part, â€Å"for the open good† of course†¦would be just a stratagem to cover its genuine point; which would be guideline of the web, or to put it obtusely the control of the last absolutely unregulated remnant of free discourse. Other than the conspicuous issue of absence of uprightness behind its aims there are various reasons why the U.S. Government should avoid the matter of controlling the implementation of digital security in the private area. The legislature, as expressed above doesn't really have the opportunity, or the assets to oversee or uphold some other security usage outside

“We could have done it” Fanaticism in The Long Walk - Literature Essay Samples

In Stephen King’s novel The Long Walk, 100 teenage boys walk the border of Canada and the United States in the ultimate game. If these boys slow down too many times, or stop walking, they are shot until only one is left, upon which he is the winner of the ultimate prize. This prize is only described as â€Å"Anything you want, for the rest of your life,† (305) something that draws many boys to apply. The event is public, and draws a large crowd. Is is due to this crowd’s fanaticism that the Long Walk continues, and they are thereby culpable for the ritualistic murders of 99 boys on the Walk. Stephen King uses the crowd to highlight the horrors that a mindset of winners and losers can enable in real life events. The crowd’s fanaticism can be seen in several situations, one of the first being a crowd seen shortly after Curley’s death. Due to Curley being the first walker to â€Å"buy his ticket,† when the news reaches the crowd â€Å"for some reason they began to cheer more loudly.† (35) The horribly violent way that Curley met his end was met with cheers and whistles from a crowd desperate for blood. This is not the only crowd that is eager to see someone fall, Garraty compares a farmer and his family watching the walkers to â€Å"Western movies he had seen on all the Saturday afternoons of his youth, where the hero was left to die in the desert and buzzards came and circled overhead.† (91) Just like the vultures, the family was watching for someone to die, in order to appease their need for entertainment. Later on, another crowd even more bloodthirsty than the first begins to cheer and wave placards. One person â€Å"threw a burning road flare,† ano ther man â€Å"advertised his own candidacy†. (275) Despite this, the crowd is described as â€Å"dull and bland as the turnpike itself,† (276) due to the lack of individuality or humanity in it. In fact, the crowd is willing in several situations to risk their lives and the lives of others in order to procure some kind of memory or token from the event. Stebbins describes when he saw the end of the Long Walk â€Å"four years ago,† when his father took him in order to showcase to his son how much he despised it. According to Stebbins, â€Å"‘They had the National Guard out and Sixteen Federal Squads to augment the State Police†¦ Over twenty people were trampled to death before it was all over.’† (95) There were so many people watching the event that others died to watch two boys walk to their deaths. Several people dart into the road to grab souvenirs, discarded clothing and even excrement, even though they know it’s against the rules. Beyond their demand for blood, the crowd is responsible for not putting a stop to the Long Walk. According to Stebbins’ description as well as other scenes in which we see large crowds, the crowd is packed â€Å"sixty people deep for five miles† more than enough to overpower the five to six guards that accompany the boys. Hank Olson tries to escape from the Walk, climbing the turnpike and yanking a gun out of a guard’s hand, where it â€Å"clattered into the crowd.† (254) No one came to his aid, and the guards shoot him in the gut, leading to his painful and slow death. It would have been possible for a crowd member to take up arms and fight back, but â€Å"they shrank from it.† (254) Collie Parker later overpowers a handful of guards, wrestling a gun from one of them and killing one of them. McVries explains to Ray that â€Å"he wanted us all up there with him, Garraty. And I think we could have done it.† (359) There were twenty-one boys whe n Parker stole the gun, more than enough to overpower the guards, and countless members of the crowd, but due to their inaction, the Walk goes on. King’s moral in The Long Walk is that fanaticism is dangerous, and while the events in the novel are fictionalized, it is a warning. By beginning new chapters with quotes from game shows and competitions, King reminds the reader that the mindset of the crowd is not too far away from being acceptable, unless something changes. In the beginning of Chapter 14, the quote is from The Ten Thousand Dollar Pyramid, a gameshow with very strict rules that led to a prize. The host reminds players that â€Å"if you use your hands or gesture with any part of your body, or use any part of the word, you will forfeit your chance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (315) This reflects the mindset of The Long Walk, where the Walkers remind themselves constantly of hints like â€Å"Conserve wind,† (117) and â€Å"Conserve energy whenever possible.† (11) While events like The Ten Thousand Dollar Pyramid or The College Bowl don’t result in the mass loss of human life at the demands of a crowd, the mindset of someone losing is there. Sporting events have often ended in riots and violence, just as the end of the Walk that Stebbins witnessed resulted in the deaths of twenty onlookers. Stephen King’s novel is a moral warning to a society that believes in winners and losers, and demands to see each. He informs the reader that in the situation of the Walk, the crowd is every bit responsible for the deaths of the Walkers due to their fanaticism, and that if society becomes fanatics as well, they hold responsibility for the outcome.

The Concept of Organizational Structure - Free Essay Example

The concept of organizational structure Organizations may be mechanical and organic structure or some mechanical tasks, other tasks may maintain an organic structure. Mechanical design of technical methods for each position in the business, duties and powers are described in detail. Working relationships within the organization is vertical. Obedience is important in mechanical systems. More do the job cases are available. Top-down communication that does not depend on the elements work. Efficiency is very low. administrators and obey all work would usually expect intervention. This situation causes quite accusations and complaints. According to the status in an environment where everyone has value. Everyone has to do a good job. Communication is very limited. Organic structure and is less flexible in the definition of work. Responsibilities, functions, methods and powers vary continuously. Relations and communication and discussion in the form of solidarity is ho rizontal rather than vertical orders. Because mutual communication efficiency is high. everyone has their own personality value the importance of. Statute does not matter. as an internal control environment for the advice and support is available. Save and thereby increases production. Everything would be innovative. everyone is responsible for the work done is not a single administrator. thoughts on employees job well done shaped. If you have a problem here, the problem is solved together. Everyone expects respect from each other. A person working in the organic system, just how good a job as well as the best to do business with the targets. In the mechanical system of the first embodiment is not permitted, the emphasis on the second. The new system helps to ensure the implementation of decisions given in the field, time is lost by waiting directives from the center, in the old system. In the new system with the participation of members of the various units of the organization ( or even in general) to be made about brainstorming ideas will emerge with a wealth of best will be helpful in finding the. The organic system of the major benefits One, administrators, element (necessary knowledge and courage hardware after) in the business baÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±msÄ ±zlaÃ…Å ¸tÄ ±rÄ ±p; overall coordination, follow the innovation, strategic planning and self-development as well as vital issue to take the time to be making opportunity is. 100% of people and organizations applying mechanical or organic systems, they can not say 100%. In fact, this rate the quality of the organizations member-managers, together with internal factors such as age, under the influence of external factors change. Widespread organic system administration excels in being a power and interest. Modern business team of experts will develop further understanding and would diminish the authority of the leader are indicated. Communication networks while reducing the import ance of boundaries, reducing the authority of the organic system on people who are not administrators. In the new system, rather than the status of the power, personal power will come to the fore, people in different ways, conquered much of their status, knowledge, and experience gained through sacrifice and administrators will be. Im doing my job, I get my salary in the conception, routine work and the pursuit of common holidays are the elements in this system will be eliminated. Local governments gained power, the bureaucracy will shrink and democratic values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹will spread to the entire community. Need to possess our own valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, as well as adapting to the world community to be a lot more thought and being unresponsive stacks get rid of. For this, the Administrator and member status to reconsider our gerekmektedir.bat world of trial-and-error methods for reaching our valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, our hand written despite the fact that for centuries ulaÃ…Å ¸amayÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ± Our very painful condition, but, at the same time is a reality. BURNS and STALKER Technological changes and market changes in the management of these enterprises constitute what effects, it studied. Results from studies in the organizational structure has been classified in two groups: mechanical and organic. Mechanical organizational structure, static and stable environmental conditions, there are very few cases where the rate of change most suitable structure, the organic structure of the environmental conditions are changing continuously and as fast as the best organizational structure is indicated. Mechanical properties of the organizational structure ; The problems facing businesses and jobs are divided into specific areas of expertise . Every staff member in a business , all business interests to consider the purpose and act accordingly , instead of entering the field activities of his department and a very small part of the whole purpose of which is to act according to . Each specialization and functional levels determined in detail the rights and responsibilities of methods and techniques which will be used is decided here . Authority and command and control relationships are defined as clearly and distinctly . Relationships between members of the organization , essentially the top in the form of relationship to other relationships. Work to be done and will be shown to a large extent the behavior of those in the upper echelons is in line with their decisions and orders . Of command and staff personnel is defined as the differences between the clear . Control areas are usually narrow and closely oversee . The properties of organic organizational structure ; Members of the organization work to do, constantly , according to the members of the organization re- set relationship with each other . Detailed job descrip tions and narrow rather than expand the business based systems is essential. The lower level is given in many decisions and decentralization is essential. Tightly connected to the chain of command , rather than find solutions to problems , and weight the importance of contacts and relationships with people who are . Personnel in certain jobs , rather than to specialized staff will do the job changes constantly according to the organizations overall objectives is essential. Horizontal communication is at least as important as vertical communication . Communication between members of the organization are advisory rather than command and control communications . Organizations in general are more vulnerable to environmental factors . The organic structure of the mechanical structure and the relationships that have openings in duty and walk away from the hierarchical structure. What to do and how to do business with staff constantly communicating with others impro ves. Organization administrators stressed that non-formal fear of powerful business groups and social system divides thinkers including internal systems and external systems to Geoarg Homans. Burns and Stalker experiencing a sudden change in the market and technological management in enterprises of this type have a tendency to see that. The birth of new problems constantly in a system where there is stability, this type of organizational structure is the structure that gives the most positive results. Because organizations must be solid and lasting relationships with experts by making existing plans should be able to adjust to the new conditions. This companys management philosophy is overcome strict boundaries between functional departments and organizations shown in the scheme of the communication channels to be taken into account when necessary, can be accomplished by supporting horizontal and diagonal communication. Two Organizational Forms Difference Specizalition Mechanical : The organization’s problems and tasks are divided according to function. Organic : Ä °mportant contribution to solving the problems of the organization depends on the expertise and experience. Difference General orientation Mechanic : Ä °ndividual tasks, one is given without regard to specific techniques. Organic : Ä °ndividual tasks, in a realistic manner depending on the organizations total is given. Difference Coordination Mechanic : Coordination of tasks divided according to the persons immediate superior. Organic : Ä °ndividual tasks are in continuous interaction with other individuals. Difference Rights and obligations Mechanic : Everyones rights, obligations and work is relevant to the role. Organic : Responsibility for a persons rights, obligations and duties according to the change. Difference Control Mechanic : Control, authority and communication are hierarchically structured. Organic : C ontrol, authority and communication are in the form of a network structure. Difference Information centre Mechanic : Hierarchy is supported by centralizing information about ongoing problems. Organic : Management is not perceived as omniscient. Information is located along the entire network. Information, traveling into central authority. Difference Direction of communication Mechanic : Trend among employees, is divided into upper and lower. Organic : When a problem is applied vertical communication. so communication becomes more constructive. Difference Instructions Mechanic : Work and tasks are controlled by the superiors. Organic : Communication of information and guidance when making decisions rather occurs. Difference Loyalty Mechanic : Loyalty to superiors at work if you help an important win. Organic : organizations mission and technical progress is more important than loyalty. WOODWARD Organizations engaged in mass production units i n the mechanistic organizational structure and processes of organizations engaged in the production of organic organizational structure were found to be more successful. This means that the structure and organization of the technology used is proven that there is a tight relationship. Technology progresses, organizations will want to switch to organic organizational structure, organic organizational structures that carry the future of the structural features of the organization said. PERROW Charles Perrow relationship between technology and work organization structure, routine and non-routine works by classifying form, organizational structure can be determined accordingly argued. According to Perrow; technology as an independent variable by kalmayÄ ±p organizational structure is thus transformed into a dependent variable. If you do the job with less work to do the necessary knowledge and technology to own mechanical organizational structure would be more appropriate. If you do not have clear and distinct issues, work to be done to understand and difficult to determine the specific techniques not available previously tried and an organic structure in such organizations would be more appropriate. CONCLUSION: The main idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Contingency approach, one of the factors that determine the organizational structure and processes, the technology used in the organization to be associated with the organization is that environmental factors. Note: Contingency approach is based on an open system approach. Modern Vision Organization Modern approaches in organizational essentially systems approach, the contingency approach are discussed under the names. According to this view of the structure of the organization should be how the business is not simply an administrative choice. On the contrary, the organizational structure of the organization surrounding environmental conditions will determine how it should be . Modern views across the organic organizational structure and the mechanical organization of open systems versus closed systems is related to understanding the organization. The main feature of modern opinion, based on specific scientific concepts have a structure consisting of analytical, empirical research, and above all to benefit substantially from the general synthesis, the model and the system is moving towards establishing a character. According to the modern view of the structure of the organization should be how business is not simply an administrative choice. On the contrary, environmental conditions surrounding the organization, the organizational structure will determine how it should be. Modern opinion organic organizational structure rather than mechanical organizational structure, rather than closed systems to open systems is the understanding of the organization.

Symbolism Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 868 Words

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury once stated, â€Å"I never consciously place symbolism in my writing. That would be a self-conscious exercise and self-consciousness is defeating to any creative act †¦ During a lifetime, one saves up information which collects itself around centers in the mind; these automatically become symbols on a subliminal level and need only be summoned in the heat of writing.† (The Paris Review). Bradbury’s may not have consciously placed symbolism in Fahrenheit 451, but his use of symbolism throughout the story allows the reader to relate back to their most basic instincts, all while seeing a deeper meaning to what they are really looking at. Fire is one of man’s oldest tools, and Bradbury’s use of it as a symbol can be viewed in many different ways. Another use of symbolism is his use of the Salamander and Phoenix to resemble their iconic fire trucks, and the emblems on their uniforms. Bradbury starts off using the symbolism of fire, the Phoenix and the Salamander to demonstrate power and destruction, however; throughout the story the original meaning of these symbols begins to transform much like the protagonist Guy Montag, and eventually other symbols like the sieve and the river shed light on the transformation of Montag. All of these symbols come together with the use of allegory to bring an understanding of the larger issues faced by their society, such as the overuse of technology and censorship. Fire, the most predominant use ofShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Lintang Syuhada 13150024 Book Report 1 Fahrenheit 451 Critical Essay Human beings are naturally curious. We are always in search of better ideas, and new solutions to problems. One of a basic idea of Indonesia has been freedom of thinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressiveRead MoreFahrenheit 451 : The Burning Truth1149 Words   |  5 PagesAbdulmalik Alnagadi Doctor Clare Little Humanities 142 Aug/7/2014 â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†: The Burning Truth Introduction Fahrenheit 451 is the actual temperature at which paper catches fire. The story by Ray Bradbury represents a social criticism that alarms individuals against the risk of suppressing their feelings due to restrictions. The fascinating story of Bradbury, ‘Fahrenheit 451’ is interestingly well constructed. It can be clearly recognized that the book broadens the idea of a short story thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1609 Words   |  7 PagesThematic Essay on Fahrenheit 451 Imagine a world where your family connections have been replaced by a television screen. Everything you know is only what you have been told by others so that you have no opinion of your own. And if you dare start thinking for yourself, the consequences are dire. This situation seems unrealistic, but in Ray Bradbury s futuristic novel Fahrenheit 451, this is the way the world works. Bradbury creates a society filled with ignorance where even in the midst of all theRead MoreSymbolism : Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1144 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is a technique that literary adds meaning to stories through the use of objects or events portrayed to represent something else. The reason behind the use of symbolism is eluding something s meaning without sighting on the obvious. The in-depth analysis of the use of symbolism will feature in a short story-Fahrenheit 451 (Fenton). Fahrenheit 451 is a science fiction artistic work of literature that makes use of symbols in the reflection of the humanity journey revived in a dystopian societyRead MoreFahrenheit 451 symbolism paper1535 Words   |  7 Pages American Literature 11 11 November 2013 Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, the author of the well-known science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451, was alarmed by how much time he felt the public devoted to watching television in the 1950’s. â€Å"If this [trend of television watching] goes on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he wrote, â€Å"nobody will read books anymore† (XIII). This thought of a television-obsessed future public frightened Bradbury. He was particularly fearful of how technology might prevent people from formingRead MoreFarenheit 451 : Author And Original Year Of Publication1705 Words   |  7 PagesRittel English II HP, Period 2 08 May 2015 Honors English Novel Study Form Title: Fahrenheit 451 Author and Original Year of Publication: Bradbury, 1953 MLA citation: Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Publishing, 1978. Print. Pertinent biographical information on author (must include a citation that matches the Works Cited page): Ray Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois on August 22, 1920. Bradbury chose the writer path at the age of twelve and thirteen where he later discoveredRead MoreSymbolism in Fahrenheit 4511468 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a #8216;fireman#8217; who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people readRead MoreThe Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury846 Words   |  4 Pagesfor ignorance. In the early 1900’s, two books were published that would eventually be referred to the pinnacle of classical literature. The Great Gatsby and Fahrenheit 451 both stand out as stunning literary works. But their success is not the only thing they share. Though they are very dissimilar in setting as well as genre, the two books have the same theme. The theme is the universal message the book is trying to inform the readers about. Fitzgerald and Bradbury both convey the theme of the pursuitRead MoreFahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Burning Truth: Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Because of individual freedoms and choices, citizens of the United States have the opportunity to be unique and to pursue their wildest dreams. The freedoms and opportunities offered to Americans allow them to dare to dream and achieve as long as they are willing to work and sacrifice. Imagine living in other countries where oppressive governments take away individual rights and take control of what citizens read, watch, and discuss—where free thoughtRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511410 Words   |  6 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, rose to fame quickly and surely as a grandfather of the dystopian genre. A year after its release, Greg Conklin of Galaxy Science Fiction named the novel, â€Å"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more† (Conklin). The Chicago Sunday Tribune s August Derleth called it a shockingly savage prophetic view of one possible future way of life, w hile honoring Bradbury in sight of his brilliant

The American Civil War A Bloody War - 1922 Words

The American Civil War was a bloody war of four years fought between the United States, or the Union, and several Southern slave states known as the Confederate States of America. According to Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson, â€Å"The Civil War started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in the territories that had not yet become states.† When Abraham Lincoln became president in 1860, seven states succeeded from the United States forming the Confederate States of America. People of the North, along with the Lincoln administration, failed to recognize the legitimacy of the secession. They feared that with the secession, it would damage democracy and would be the cause of breaking up the United States into small countries, making the word â€Å"United† in United States meaningless. The Confederate States wanted to keep slavery and expand slavery into the newly claimed western territories, while the Union feared that expanding slavery would threaten their control in the Senate because they would be outnumbered by slave states. The two sides failed to come up with a compromise finding the Missouri Compromise of 1850 unconstitutional in 1857. Because the Missouri Compromise was deemed unconstitutional, there was a famous court case where a black salve, Dred Scott, sued for his freedom claiming Missouri citizenship when he was moved to New York. The ruling of the court was thatShow MoreRelatedThe Central American country of Guatemala fought a bloody civil war for over 36 years. The1900 Words   |  8 Pages The Central American country of Guatemala fought a bloody civil war for over 36 years. The internal conflict began in November of 1960 and did not end until December of 1996. The key players that fought where the Guatemalan government and the ethnic Mayan indigenous people that where extremely leftist compared to the Guatemalan governm ent. The indigenous persons where joined by other non-government forces known as the Ladino peasantry and other rural poor. This civil conflict would escalate toRead MoreThe American Civil War858 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was an event that changed the landscape of America and brought it into the modern era. This transition was facilitated by the separation between the emergence of conflict between the North and South, the civil war that ensued, and what the end of the war meant for America. The resulting conflict had turned a separated America into a more united country as the shift from the bloody war lead to the birth of modern America. Firstly, the conflict was a result of ever increasingRead MoreEssay on The Meaning of the Gettysburg Address564 Words   |  3 Pageslength at around 300 words, this famous speech delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1963 in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania is both enduring and meaningful for all Americans today, almost exactly 146 years later. The first paragraph of his speech sets the tone, in which Lincoln does not directly mention the bloody Battle of Gettysburg, in which 50,000 soldiers lost their lives. Instead, he refers in the opening phrase, â€Å"Four score and seven years ago,† to the founding of America throughRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War960 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever wondered why the Civil War happened or why it was so substantial to American History? What was the battle that changed it all; that made it the history it is today? Many people have made speculations on the causes of the war and what the major turning point was, but can not really narrow it down. In James McPherson’s Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam he points out the pivotal moments in American history that led up to and changed the Civil War, so that the reader can get a better insightRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand.† In the 1800s, the American nation was slowly becoming a house divided against itself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanentRead MoreThe Civil War : A Bloody Time For Everyone Alive1541 Words   |  7 Pages If the Civil War could be described in only one word, that one word would be trag edy. Such a bloody time for everyone alive in what is now know as The United States of America. The Civil War took pace in the years of 1861-1865 there were multiple reasons as to why the Civil War broke out but the number one reason for the Civl War was, the diverse opinions on the issue of slavery. Slavery was such a horrific thing going on at this time in history, but not all people who owned slaves treated themRead MoreThe Civil War Of North And South Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of slaved labors to help them work on the plantations. Such difference led to the main distinction which existed throughout the entire Civil War, the dependence on the slavery. These differences sparked conflict between the North and the South placing them in an indisputable position, eventually leading to the Civil War. The prosecution of the Civil War of North and South differed drastically. The North fought to preserve the Union which entailed abolishing slavery, enlisting the black in theR ead MoreMeaning Behind The Gettysburg Address Essay572 Words   |  3 Pagesenduring and meaningful for all Americans today, almost exactly 146 years later. The first paragraph of his speech sets the tone, in which Lincoln does not directly mention the bloody Battle of Gettysburg, in which 50,000 soldiers lost their lives. Instead, he refers in the opening phrase, â€Å"Four score and seven years ago,† to the founding of America through another important written document, the Declaration of Independence in 1776. I believe Lincoln wanted all Americans to focus on preserving thisRead More Analysis of the Movie Doctor Zhivago Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of the Movie Doctor Zhivago Doctor Zhivago is a historically accurate movie. It is a love story that takes place during the Russian Revolution, World War One, and the Russian Civil War. Doctor Zhivago is historically correct because of the events it represents, the people the actors portray, and the level of detail put into the setting. At the beginning of the movie, there is a scene showing a man handing out flyers asking workers to join him in a peaceful march to protest againstRead More Killer Angels The Human Factor Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesPaper The Human Factor in the American Civil War nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Michael Shaaraamp;#8217;s fictional novel, The Killer Angels, is based on the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel allows the reader to recognize the heart and courage of the more than two million men that fought in the war. Shaara focuses the reader to better understand the reason why these men fight and the meaning of the war. Ultimately, the reader observes that the war is fought on an individual

Essay about Rembrandts Painting An Old Man in Military...

Rembrandts Painting An Old Man in Military Costume With an extraordinary intensity, Rembrandt van Rijn’s â€Å"An Old Man in Military Costume† is an example of the artist’s use of dynamic lighting. The painting, on display at the Getty Museum, contains a single figure, an old man dressed in a military uniform. While one may appreciate the beauty of the work, to fully experience the passion and genius of the artist, it is necessary to see the painting in person. The delicate details that may be missed by a digital image are easily caught by the human eye. The proper way to view a Rembrandt is in the flesh; the difference is amazing. Born in Leiden, Netherlands, Rembrandt was the son of a miller and†¦show more content†¦Through the singular illumination, the man’s face becomes the focus of the entire picture while the background and his clothing are of secondary note. The positioning of the figure also draws attention to the face. The man’s body is turned sideways but his face is turned toward the viewer creating an impression that we have caught his eye rather than the other way around. Rembrandt painted every minute detail of the face with great care; from the watery reddened eyes to the individual hairs of the man’s beard, nothing is overlooked. Painted during a time when the Dutch were fighting the Spanish for their independence, the man may have been a member of the Dutch army. His patient and resigned demeanor could possibly be the result of years of military service. Sadness seems to surround the man as he faces loss of youth and his own mortality. The entire painting has an aura of sorrow interwoven with resolve. Elizabeth I could have spoken to many such men in her address, â€Å"To the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada.† Her rousing speech to encourage the English army invoked an image of the enemy, Spain: â€Å"†¦and [I] think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe should dare to invade the border of my realm† (1091). She discusses the strength of the English, their commitment to freedom and their willingness to fight. As theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn1035 Words   |  5 PagesHis full name was Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. He possessed a profound understanding of human nature that was matched by a brilliant technique—not only in painting but in drawing and etching—and his work made an enormous impact on his contemporaries and influenced the style of many later artists. Perhaps no painter has ever equaled Rembrandts chiaroscuro effects or his bold impasto. II. Life Print section Born in Leiden on July 15, 1606, Rembrandt was the son of a miller. Despite theRead MoreNew York Town And Washington1086 Words   |  5 PagesTripAdvisor’s prime depository within the world for 2 years currently, the Metropolitan depository of Art is America’s largest, as TripAdvisor says, â€Å"home to over 2 million works that span over 2 million sq. feet† together with â€Å"can’t-miss works from old master, Degas, van Gogh, Renoir, Manet, Monet, Picasso and a lot of.† Go currently and you ll see transmutation Object (PsychoBarn) by Cornelia Parker, that is what it sounds like: a mashup of a classic red barn with the Bates mansion from psychotic

Face to Face free essay sample

Were living in an age where e-mail, Facebook and digital connections are the rule, and face-to-face interactions start to become the exception. With the ability to exchange information via e-mail, chat and presentations over the web, face-to-face interactions with people seem to be unecessary. This is a harmful assumption that many people make. Without face-to-face communication intimacy is lost, there is greater misunderstanding, and people become lazy. To beegin with, people lose intimacy with one another because of the many forms of communication. You can certainly build and foster relationships over digital connections, but in my experience, the first time you meet a person face-to-face you develope a new level of fimiliarity. You can reveal interesting details about someone that may not be uncovered through digital communication. I have met many different people through the interenet and through phone calls, but once i met them in person, it changed the whole dynamic of the relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Face to Face or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, a Facebook friend recently asked me to meet up with him. Although we seemingly had many things in common on Facebook, in reality we were completely different from each other. Secondly, without face-to-face communication, people get misunderstood a most of the time. Its hard to notice emotions, facial expressions, body languages, and tone of voice in an e-mail or text despite our attempts to give hints with various emoticons like punctuations, winking smiley faces, and acronyms like LOL. Sometimes, the attitude or intention behind the words is lost in translation leading to misunderstanding occurs. Shy people may come off as cold; people with little to say may come off as rude, and funny people may come off as insensitive. Ive been in a stitution were me and a friend where having a converstaion through text and I replied with an ok. She thought I was upset and being rude because she felt as if I didnt want to talk to her. This, of course, was not the case. If we had this conversation in person, she would have seen my body language and known what i meant by my response. Lastly, digital communication like e-mail, Facebook, and texting are some of the easiest and simplest forms of communication these days. Communication with technology creates laziness. There has been an incident where i was in a car with a few of my friends and two of them were exting while they wher sitting right next to eachother. When I asked why they were texting right beside eachother, one of the girls responded that she didnt feel like talking. I thought that was ridiculous! People are so caught up in the technology that they forget that they are human and not an electronic device themselves! In conclusion, face-to-face interaction are completely different from elecrtonic communication. Peaple who use electronic comunication lose intimacy, and are often misunderstood, and become lazier. The best form of communication is face-to-face, and it has always been since the beginning of time.

Kaufmann manufacturing company free essay sample

Ms. Mary Kaufmann, president and sole owner of Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (a manufacturer of a single, specialized, industrial product), had just received the financial results of her company for the second six months of 1992. At first, she was pleased by what she observed. However, when she compared these results to those of the first six months of 1992 and the budgets she had originally cast for the two six-month periods (see Exhibits 1, 2 and 3), she became confused. Ms. Kaufmann could not understand why profits had increased so dramatically in the second half of the year, even though actual sales volume had fallen to 188,000 units. She thought that a part of the improved profit could be attributed to the $3 selling price increase which she had authorized effective July 1, 1992; however, she did not believe its effect would be so dramatic. She thought that another part of the profit increase could be attributed to control of production costs, yet when she examined the manufacturing statements (Exhibit 3) she observed that production showed an overall unfavorable variance of $217,000 for the second six months of 1992 as compared to an overall favorable variance of $124,000 for the first six months of 1992. In order to gain an understanding of these confusing results, Ms. Kaufmann decided to meet with her sales manager, Sandy Stevens, and her production manager Carlos Chavez. She would have liked to have had her treasurer-controller, Kenneth Page, at the meeting, but Mr. Page was in New Orleans completing the financing arrangements for Kaufmanns planned expansion into the South. The following excerpts are from the January 15, 1993 meeting between Kaufmann, Stevens, and Chavez. Mary Kaufmann: Sandy, it looks like your idea to raise our price from $90 to $93 during the second half of the year really came through. We lost volume, just as you predicted, but we sure gave a boost to our income statement, also as you predicted. have you looked into your crystal ball for this year? Do we hold the line at $93 or should we risk another slight price increase? Sandy Stevens: Well, Mary I think our pricing strategy for this year is really going to depend on how well Carlos can control his costs. From the statements youve shown me (referring to Exhibits 1 through 3) it would appear as though we could have done even better in the second half if it had not been for $217,000 in unfavorable variances chalked up by production. Carlos Chavez: (Interrupting) Now hold on Sandy. Your neat little pricing strategy and its resulting decrease in volume raised havoc with our production scheduling. As you recall in our last meeting in July, Mary chewed me out for not meeting our normal production goal and for running down our inventories during the first six months of the year. So I go all out to meet—in fact, exceed— Professor Julie H. Hertenstein of Northeastern University prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. It is based on an earlier case prepared by Professor Norman J. Bartczak. Copyright  © 1993 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies, call (617) 495-6117 or write the Publishing Division, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 1 This document is authorized for use only by YIMING ZHAO in Managerial Accounting taught by Hai Lu from January 2014 to May 2014. For the exclusive use of Y. ZHAO 193-159 Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (A) normal production in the second half and all I get is grief. These variances (referring to the variances in Exhibit 3) are not my fault! They are simply due to your generating only 188,000 in unit sales. Ive kept things in line; in fact, Ive improved my performance over the first six months. Mary Kaufmann: I sure cant tell it from these figures, Carlos. Exactly what did you do to improve your performance? Carlos Chavez: Let me give you some general examples. Heres a copy for each of you of the standard cost sheet (Exhibit 4) which Ken Page worked up at the beginning of 1992. As you know, Ken worked for quite some time establishing the standards, and at our budget review meeting in December 1991 we all agreed that they seemed reasonable. I remember that we had some trouble with understanding how the fixed costs were to be allocated to our production for 1992, but Ken convinced us that something called full absorption costing on the basis of a normal production level would ensure that we cover all of our costs. Anyway, Ive tried to adhere to these standards as much as possible, but Ken said we could expect some variances simply because volume might be up or down from normal. He also said that it was likely that these variances would wash out by year end. Mary Kaufmann: (Interrupting) This standard cost sheet is very interesting Carlos, and I do remember approving it, but I dont see how it shows that youve improved your performance. Carlos Chavez: Sorry, Mary, I was getting to that. As I mentioned, Ken said that by year end some of the variances would wash out, and as you can see from the manufacturing statements (Exhibit 3), the net variance for the year is only $93,000 over budget. Why thats less than 1% of our original budget! Also, as you can see from the manufacturing statement, Ive beefed up our supervision back to its normal level, and I hope to see improvement in the next six months. In fact, my supervisors told me they felt they had done a good job in the second half of the year. Mary Kaufmann: The figures (pointing at Exhibit 3) sure dont show it! It looks as though your purchasing agent has been slack, your laborers inefficient, and your supervisors have tried to cover up their mistakes by cutting maintenance! Carlos Chavez: Give me a little time to develop some reports to explain the difference between expected and actual profitability in the first six month and the second six months of 1992. Questions 1. Compare and evaluate the profit and manufacturing performance of Kaufmann Manufacturing Company for the first and second six months of 1992. Write a memo to Ms. Kaufmann summarizing your analysis. 2. During the first half of 1992, Kaufmann Manufacturing Company just about broke even on sales of 212,000 units. In comparison, during the second half of 1992, when sales were 188,000 units, operating income was $1,619,800. Briefly explain this apparent inconsistency. 2 This document is authorized for use only by YIMING ZHAO in Managerial Accounting taught by Hai Lu from January 2014 to May 2014. For the exclusive use of Y. ZHAO Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (A) Exhibit 1 193-159 Comparative Income Statements (thousands of dollars) Original Budget for First Six Months of 1992 Sales Cost of goods solda aAll Original Budget for Second Six Months of 1992 Second Six Months Actual $18,000. 00 14,940. 00 $19,080. 00 16,608. 80 $18,000. 00 14,940. 00 $17,484. 00 13,364. 20 3,060. 00 2,500. 00 2,471. 20 2,500. 00 3,060. 00 2,500. 00 4,119. 80 2,500. 00 560. 00 $ 1,619. 80 Gross margin Selling and administrative expenses Operating incomeb First Six Months Actual $ 560. 00 $ (28. 80) $ manufacturing variances are closed out to cost of goods sold on a semi-annual basis. need not be considered. bTaxes Exhibit 2 Sales, Production, and Inventory Statistics First Six Months, 1992 Second Six Months, 1992 Sales forecast Actual sales 200,000 units 212,000 units 200,000 units 188,000 units Normal production Actual production 200,000 units 188,000 units 200,000 units 212,000 units Raw materials, inventory, beginning of period 0 0 Finished goods inventory, beginning of period 100,000 units at $74. 70 standard cost per unit 76,000 units at $74. 70 standard cost per unit Raw materials purchased and used in production 590,000 lbs. 600,000 lbs. Direct labor hours used in production 400,000 hours 425,000 hours 3 This document is authorized for use only by YIMING ZHAO in Managerial Accounting taught by Hai Lu from January 2014 to May 2014. For the exclusive use of Y. ZHAO 193-159 Exhibit 3 Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (A) Comparative Manufacturing Statements (thousands of dollars) Original Budget for First Six Months of 1992 Raw materials Direct labor Factory overhead: Indirect labor Supplies Power Maintenance Supervision Depreciation Insurance First Six Months Actual Variance Original Budget for Second Six Months of 1992 Second Six Months Actual Variance $ 2,400 4,400 $ 2,281 4,400 $119F $ 2,400 4,400 $ 2,432 4,813 $ 32U 413U 1,080 70 1,200 2,050 1,930 1,460 350 1,080 70 1,200 2,172 1,800 1,460 353 122U 130F 3U 1,080 70 1,200 2,050 1,930 1,460 350 1,143 76 1,274 1,676 1,930 1,460 353 63U 6U 74U 374F 3U $14,940 $14,816 124F $14,940 $15,157 217U Note: F = favorable; U = unfavorable. Exhibit 4 months) Standard Cost Sheet (based on normal production volume of 200,000 units every six Cost Per Unit Raw material (3 lbs. of material to complete one unit; @ $4. 00 per lb. ) Direct labor (2 hours to complete one unit; @ $11. 00 per hour) $12. 00 22. 00 Factory overhead: (all allocated on the basis of units of production) Variable costs: Indirect labor Supplies Power 5. 40 .35 6. 00 Fixed costs: Maintenance Supervision Depreciation Insurance 10. 25 9. 65 7. 30 1. 75 Total standard production cost per unit

Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Example

Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay The novel Beloved is based on a true story of an Afro-American Slave who murders her daughter in order to spare her a life in slavery. In this response paper I will discuss the morality and justifying of such an act, which the mother believed to be an act of â€Å"motherly love and protection. Further I will point out how Beloved, as the incarnation of the dead daughter, affects each member of this family. First of all, Beloved as a novel, definitely contains supernatural elements. Beloved as the person, is to be seen as a â€Å"personal ghost† of Sethe who never manages to find closure and peace after murdering her own child. Actually, it is more than remarkable, that she indeed tried to kill all her four children and luckily succeeded only with one. The fact, that this act never gave her peace, makes her human but also fragile and vulnerable. Beloved represents her past, both the capture in slavery and her desperate act of killing her children. While Beloved seems to be needy, parasitic and malevolent, it is probably God?s attempt to make Sethe and the others deal with their past. Sethe?s past is one of sexual, emotional and physical abuse. Such a trauma does not disappear but continues to live on with you and haunt you until you don’t find the power to deal with it and close with it. As a result, Sethe tries to avoid everything what could remind her of her past. Furth er Sethe is captured in a dangerous devotion to her children, which resulted from the murder of her elder daughter and the isolation of her younger daughter. Thus Sethe lives in a permanent guilt towards her children and assumes sacrifying her life and satisfying every need of Beloved would release her of her guilt. Denver instead, her younger daughter, lives with a fear of the outside world and spends hours alone at home. Since she has a very close relationship to her mother, she feels threatened when her mother pays more attention to Paul D or Beloved. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is inter Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Example Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay The novel Beloved is based on a true story of an Afro-American Slave who murders her daughter in order to spare her a life in slavery. In this response paper I will discuss the morality and justifying of such an act, which the mother believed to be an act of â€Å"motherly love and protection. Further I will point out how Beloved, as the incarnation of the dead daughter, affects each member of this family. First of all, Beloved as a novel, definitely contains supernatural elements. Beloved as the person, is to be seen as a â€Å"personal ghost† of Sethe who never manages to find closure and peace after murdering her own child. Actually, it is more than remarkable, that she indeed tried to kill all her four children and luckily succeeded only with one. The fact, that this act never gave her peace, makes her human but also fragile and vulnerable. Beloved represents her past, both the capture in slavery and her desperate act of killing her children. While Beloved seems to be needy, parasitic and malevolent, it is probably God?s attempt to make Sethe and the others deal with their past. Sethe?s past is one of sexual, emotional and physical abuse. Such a trauma does not disappear but continues to live on with you and haunt you until you don’t find the power to deal with it and close with it. As a result, Sethe tries to avoid everything what could remind her of her past. Furth er Sethe is captured in a dangerous devotion to her children, which resulted from the murder of her elder daughter and the isolation of her younger daughter. Thus Sethe lives in a permanent guilt towards her children and assumes sacrifying her life and satisfying every need of Beloved would release her of her guilt. Denver instead, her younger daughter, lives with a fear of the outside world and spends hours alone at home. Since she has a very close relationship to her mother, she feels threatened when her mother pays more attention to Paul D or Beloved. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Relationships in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is inter

How to Get Help With Reflective Essay Questions

How to Get Help With Reflective Essay QuestionsThere are many reflective essay questions that can be asked and many of them are easy to get your student to answer. They require the writing of some descriptive or intellectual writing skills. These reflective essay questions may even have some simple math or vocabulary problems that a student may have difficulty with. These are just a few examples of the types of essay questions that can be asked.Writing a thesis or paper is a very intimidating task. I have seen students do extremely well on this type of paper only to fail it the very next semester. This is because the writing skills that they have are not at the level that they need to be. They must acquire the skills needed in order to write a successful, objective essay. One way that they can accomplish this is by taking a practice writing test.A reflection essay questions sample is often used by universities to determine if their students are able to complete essays in a structured manner. This is also a great way for students to be able to practice writing the same type of essay several times before it is submitted for an actual exam. When they do get an opportunity to take an essay written in this format and have to submit it for an exam, it will help to have a good foundation for the type of essay that they will be writing. This will also help the student know what they should be using to build their writing skills.Another type of essay is used to examine the weaknesses of a character or situation. A question like this one should be able to be answered with logic and a lot of other things as well. There are also a lot of information about the main character and the way that the character functions in the situation. This is a very valuable skill for a student to learn.Writing a literary piece can also be used as a reflection essay question. In this situation, it is going to require a more detailed type of writing and the student is going to have to know how to write a literary piece that is both coherent and interesting. The subject of the piece must be relevant to the course that the student is taking and the student has to be able to show that they have been successful in the area of their education.Taking a reflective writing exam can also be used as a reflection essay questions sample. This kind of exam is also great for a student who wants to take an examination for a job or for getting into an area of study. It is a great way for the student to show their writing skills.A short story that is interesting will be a very important part of the reflection essay questions. Many students will be tempted to try to write a very short story when they are actually trying to do something more involved. This type of writing is going to require a deeper level of skills than that of a short story.Students can find a reflection essay questions sample in many different places. Some universities use it to determine if their students are capable o f completing reflective essays. Other students can find it in writing books or online.

Diploid Cell Definition and Example

Diploid Cell Definition and Example A diploid cell is a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. This is double the haploid chromosome number. Each pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell is considered to be one  homologous chromosome  set. A single chromosome set consists of two chromosomes, one of which is donated from the mother and the other from the father. Humans have 23 sets of homologous chromosomes. Paired sex chromosomes are the (X and Y) homologues in males and the (X and X) homologues in females. The somatic cells in your body are diploid cells. Somatic cells include all of the cell types of the body, except for the gametes or sex cells. Gametes are haploid cells. During sexual reproduction, gametes (sperm and egg cells) fuse at fertilization to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into a diploid organism. Diploid Chromosome Number The diploid chromosome number of a cell is the number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. This number is commonly abbreviated as 2n, where n stands for the number of chromosomes. For humans, this equation would be 2n46. Humans have 2 sets of 23 chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes. Autosomal chromosomes (non-sex chromosomes): 22 sets of 2Sex chromosomes: 1 set of 2 The diploid chromosome number varies depending on the organism with most containing between 10 and 50 chromosomes per cell. Examples of organisms and their diploid chromosome numbers include: Organism Diploid Chromosome Number (2n) E.coli Bacterium 1 Mosquito 6 Lily 24 Frog 26 Humans 46 Turkey 82 Shrimp 254 Diploid Cell Reproduction Diploid cells reproduce by the process of mitosis. In mitosis, a cell makes an identical copy of itself allowing its DNA to be replicated and distributed equally between two daughter cells. Somatic cells go through the mitotic cell cycle, while gametes are reproduced by meiosis. In the meiotic cell cycle, four daughter cells are produced instead of two. These cells are haploid containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Polyploid and Aneuploid Cells The term ploidy refers to the number of chromosome sets found in a cells nucleus. Chromosome sets in diploid cells occur in pairs, while haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. A cell that is polyploid has extra sets of homologous chromosomes. The genome in this type of cell contains three or more haploid sets. For example, a cell that is triploid has three haploid chromosome sets and a cell that is tetraploid has four haploid chromosomes sets. A cell that is aneuploid contains an abnormal number of chromosomes. It may have extra or missing chromosomes or may have a chromosome number that is not a multiple of the haploid number. Aneuploidy occurs as a result of chromosome mutation that happens during cell division. Homologous chromosomes fail to separate correctly resulting in daughter cells with either too many or not enough chromosomes. Diploid and Haploid Life Cycles Most plant and animal tissues consist of diploid cells. In multicellular animals, organisms are typically diploid for their entire life cycles. Plant multicellular organisms, such as flowering plants, have life cycles that vacillate between periods of a diploid stage and a haploid stage. Known as alternation of generations, this type of life cycle is exhibited in both non-vascular plants and vascular plants. In liverworts and mosses, the haploid phase is the primary phase of the life cycle. In flowering plants and gymnosperms, the diploid phase is the primary phase and the haploid phase is totally dependent upon the diploid generation for survival. Other organisms, such as fungi and algae, spend the majority of their life cycles as haploid organisms that reproduce by spores. Key Points Diploid cells are cells with two sets of chromosomes. They have twice the chromosome number of haploid cells.Somatic cells (body cells excluding sex cells) are examples of diploid cells.The diploid chromosome number is the number of chromosomes within a cells nucleus.The diploid chromosome number is represented as 2n and varies among different organisms.A diploid cell replicates by mitosis and preserves the diploid chromosome number by making identical copies of its chromosomes and distributing them equally between two daughter cells.Animal organisms are typically diploid for the entirety of their life cycles.Plant life cycles alternate between diploid and haploid stages.

Big Mountain High School Case Study Analysis Education Essay

Big Mountain High School serves over 1450 pupils in grades 10-12. Large Mountain is the lone high school in the county, and besides the largest high school in the province. Its geographical location is known for its wilderness and beauty. Because of its location it is mostly a rural territory where many of the attending pupils commute more than 30 stat mis every twenty-four hours to have day-to-day direction. The population of the school ranges from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. As evidenced in the instance, 40 % of the pupils will travel on to go toing 4-year colleges, while 20 % of the pupils attend 2-year colleges. For pupils that are non college edge, as an excess educational option, the territory provides them with a vocational plan ( Smith A ; Louis, Winter 1999 ) . The Superintendent of the territory is Mr. Bob Carpenter a indigen of the territory. He has been the overseer for four old ages and he is described as being magnetic, a individual who makes determinations and gets things done. He is extremely respected amongst the instructors and staff because he meets straight with the instructors and listens to what they have to state. Mr. Carpenter is besides described as utilizing a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. The chief Mr. Vogel has held the place for 15 old ages. He is known as being a dedicated manager, candid and carnival to his staff. Mr. Vogel besides adopted a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Some nevertheless, see him to be â€Å" crusty and impersonal † and even unapproachable. He makes hiring determinations, nominates the section chairs, normally communicates with instructors in short staff meetings, and maintains that disposal has full authorization over the processs and policies in the school. The sections at Big Mountain high school were given entire authorization and liberty as how they distribute the instruction assignments, how course of study and direction is designed and they besides make the determinations on budget allotments. Meetings between the principal and section caputs are non regular events, they normally meet one time every three hebdomads and the meetings are normally really short. Finally, there are the instructors. The territory ranks the highest paid among other territories in the province, supplying the territory with a big pool of extremely qualified appliers. Teachers at Big Mountain command how they teach, have small or no treatments over learning methods, the type of direction, and have small or no input in the determination doing procedure that takes topographic point in the school. Faculty is divided and with really small interdisciplinary engagement. There are several leading issues present in the instance. The major issues revolve around the ability of the leading to expeditiously take the school during a much needed alteration. In the instance of the mandated course of study alteration as required by the province, the treatments of the new course of study raised personal and pedagogical differences amongst the module. If the end of the leading is to further growing and alter the way in which the school is traveling, it would be wise for the leading to take a human resource frame attack as discussed in Bolman A ; Deal, where under the human resource frame, leaders provide and foster equal engagement in the determination devising ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . At Big Mountain, the caputs of section have a significant sum of influence and authorization, and are perceived by the module as decision makers and determination shapers. These differences in power have led to a deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement between section caputs and module members where Hargreaves A ; Fink refer to as, traditional power blocks ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . This deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement and the misinterpretation of a collaborative leading, as become a top-down hierarchy leading, instead than a sensed bottom-up leading as expressed by the chief Mr. Vogel. It is obvious that the principal in this school will non be developing meaningful relationships with the staff. His neglect for the sentiments of the instructors during his short module meetings, along with his important leading manner resemble what Fullan ( 2001 ) describes as coercive and bossy leading. As the freshly appointed caput for the Language Arts Department, Mr. Chester non merely appointed to the commission merely those who agree with him, he besides restricted the engagement from the instructors that will be implementing the course of study. By making so, he derailed Bolman A ; Deal ‘s model attack, and the construct of the structural frame where the attempts of groups and persons are coordinated, and besides the human resource frame, where affecting others gives them a sense of belonging and ownership ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . Even though ab initio the principal shared the determination devising with the commission, he rapidly reversed that determination and decided to do the determinations himself. However, subsequently he decided to name Chester to take the new alterations commission to implement the new course of study. One once more his rushed determination was made without the engagement and the input from the instructors, go forthing it small room to win and showing the deficiency of communicating and alliance edifice, necessary when turn toing alteration ( Kanter, Summer 1999 ) . As the overseer, Bob Carpenter was non of much aid to the principal in set uping and developing a successful civilization of committed members within the organisation. Although important and magnetic, his strong interaction accomplishments, the ability to construct relationships while run intoing with instructors and listening to their concerns when the principal was non supportive, have earned him the regard of the instructors, minimising the authorization of the principal. As the overseer, Bob failed as a function theoretical account, and a wise man to the principal. He came across as holding his ain political docket, showing the deficiency of his leading qualities. Qualities required when constructing a successful organisation. Recommendations for Improvement Inspiring leaders have the ability to turn schools about. On the other manus mediocre leaders can alter the civilization of a school and hinder the patterned advance of successful enterprises that may be ongoing within an organisation driven by its members. â€Å" A civilization of alteration consists of great celerity and nonlinearity, on one manus and every bit great potency for originative discoveries on the other. The paradox is that transmutation would non be possible without attach toing muss † ( Fullan, 2001, p. 31 ) . It is obvious that muss is in the hereafter of Big Mountain. Changes are inevitable, and a complete restructuring of the school is recommended. From the overseer, to principal, to section leaders, and to instructors, all fail to develop a collaborative and cohesive work environment. In the instance, the prostration was initiated from the top-down where is lacked sustainable leading. Hargreaves ( 2009 ) describes five obstructions that impede effectual leading and should be addressed in the restructuring procedure of Big Mountain. The obstructions impede the successful execution of the restructuring when sequence is ill planned, sequence passages are severely managed, sequence is frequently on the incorrect frequence, sequence planning fails to see the emotional facets, and in conclusion sequence is non treated as a systemic job. Sequence in leading is an of import facet when reconstituting an organisation and it is frequently overlooked, weakening the long term alterations for a successful turn-around. Large Mountain could profit of an increased stableness in leading. It was evident that neither the overseer nor the principal were wholly dedicated to the school and its vision. The overseer and the principal could hold been more proactive in edifice and set uping a common vision for the school. Constructing a systemic leading is another of import facet that should be taken into consideration. The overseer should work on developing unfastened lines of communicating with other successful schools in the territory, and develop partnerships with the other schools where information is shared, and thoughts are exchanged leting schools to assist each other and ultimately addition accomplishment. Another recommendation involves the development of a distributed leading and the creative activity of managers for the new leading. Bolman A ; Deal ( 2008 ) depict the human resource frame, where the overseer and the principal would put more accent on constructing personal relationships, and the sc hool would profit from the constitution of an unfastened and true bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Because more and more disposal is comprised of first-time leaders, giving support to new leaders will relieve the emotional emphasis associated with the place. Supplying good back uping managers will assist the new leaders with the troubles that come with the new administrative function. A concluding option is to maintain the position quo of the school. However, without alterations in leading, the instability that exists amongst the staff will stay and will go on to decline. Leadership stableness can be improved by leading sequence, and this may be accomplished by administering successful leaders across schools in the territory and developing a support web that will help overseers, principals and instructors throughout the territory. â€Å" Successful sequence is about turning and linking leading throughout a system, non merely happening the right tantrum for single leaders. † And â€Å" Permanent betterment seldom exists without leading stableness or successful sequence. Effective sequence is a strategic challenge but non an unsurmountable 1 † ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . Mentions Bolman, L. G. , A ; Deal, T. E. ( 2008 ) .Reframing organisations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fullan, M. ( 2001 ) .Leading in a civilization of alteration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargreaves, A. ( 2009 ) . Leadership Succession and Sustainable Improvement.School Administrator, 66 ( 11 ) , 10-15. Retrieved from ERIC database. Hargreaves, A. , A ; Fink, D. ( April 2004 ) . The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership.Educational Leadership, 61 ( 7 ) , 8-13. Kanter, M. ( Summer 1999 ) . The Enduring Skill of Change Leaders.Leader to Leader Journal( 13 ) , 15-22. Smith, B. , A ; Louis, L. ( Winter 1999 ) . Case 2: Changes at Big Mountain High School [ Abstract ] .Journal of Cases in Educational LeadershiP, 2 ( 1 ) , 1-2. Big Mountain High School Case Study Analysis Education Essay Big Mountain High School serves over 1450 pupils in grades 10-12. Large Mountain is the lone high school in the county, and besides the largest high school in the province. Its geographical location is known for its wilderness and beauty. Because of its location it is mostly a rural territory where many of the attending pupils commute more than 30 stat mis every twenty-four hours to have day-to-day direction. The population of the school ranges from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. As evidenced in the instance, 40 % of the pupils will travel on to go toing 4-year colleges, while 20 % of the pupils attend 2-year colleges. For pupils that are non college edge, as an excess educational option, the territory provides them with a vocational plan ( Smith A ; Louis, Winter 1999 ) . The Superintendent of the territory is Mr. Bob Carpenter a indigen of the territory. He has been the overseer for four old ages and he is described as being magnetic, a individual who makes determinations and gets things done. He is extremely respected amongst the instructors and staff because he meets straight with the instructors and listens to what they have to state. Mr. Carpenter is besides described as utilizing a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. The chief Mr. Vogel has held the place for 15 old ages. He is known as being a dedicated manager, candid and carnival to his staff. Mr. Vogel besides adopted a bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Some nevertheless, see him to be â€Å" crusty and impersonal † and even unapproachable. He makes hiring determinations, nominates the section chairs, normally communicates with instructors in short staff meetings, and maintains that disposal has full authorization over the processs and policies in the school. The sections at Big Mountain high school were given entire authorization and liberty as how they distribute the instruction assignments, how course of study and direction is designed and they besides make the determinations on budget allotments. Meetings between the principal and section caputs are non regular events, they normally meet one time every three hebdomads and the meetings are normally really short. Finally, there are the instructors. The territory ranks the highest paid among other territories in the province, supplying the territory with a big pool of extremely qualified appliers. Teachers at Big Mountain command how they teach, have small or no treatments over learning methods, the type of direction, and have small or no input in the determination doing procedure that takes topographic point in the school. Faculty is divided and with really small interdisciplinary engagement. There are several leading issues present in the instance. The major issues revolve around the ability of the leading to expeditiously take the school during a much needed alteration. In the instance of the mandated course of study alteration as required by the province, the treatments of the new course of study raised personal and pedagogical differences amongst the module. If the end of the leading is to further growing and alter the way in which the school is traveling, it would be wise for the leading to take a human resource frame attack as discussed in Bolman A ; Deal, where under the human resource frame, leaders provide and foster equal engagement in the determination devising ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . At Big Mountain, the caputs of section have a significant sum of influence and authorization, and are perceived by the module as decision makers and determination shapers. These differences in power have led to a deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement between section caputs and module members where Hargreaves A ; Fink refer to as, traditional power blocks ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . This deficiency of interdisciplinary engagement and the misinterpretation of a collaborative leading, as become a top-down hierarchy leading, instead than a sensed bottom-up leading as expressed by the chief Mr. Vogel. It is obvious that the principal in this school will non be developing meaningful relationships with the staff. His neglect for the sentiments of the instructors during his short module meetings, along with his important leading manner resemble what Fullan ( 2001 ) describes as coercive and bossy leading. As the freshly appointed caput for the Language Arts Department, Mr. Chester non merely appointed to the commission merely those who agree with him, he besides restricted the engagement from the instructors that will be implementing the course of study. By making so, he derailed Bolman A ; Deal ‘s model attack, and the construct of the structural frame where the attempts of groups and persons are coordinated, and besides the human resource frame, where affecting others gives them a sense of belonging and ownership ( Bolman A ; Deal, 2008 ) . Even though ab initio the principal shared the determination devising with the commission, he rapidly reversed that determination and decided to do the determinations himself. However, subsequently he decided to name Chester to take the new alterations commission to implement the new course of study. One once more his rushed determination was made without the engagement and the input from the instructors, go forthing it small room to win and showing the deficiency of communicating and alliance edifice, necessary when turn toing alteration ( Kanter, Summer 1999 ) . As the overseer, Bob Carpenter was non of much aid to the principal in set uping and developing a successful civilization of committed members within the organisation. Although important and magnetic, his strong interaction accomplishments, the ability to construct relationships while run intoing with instructors and listening to their concerns when the principal was non supportive, have earned him the regard of the instructors, minimising the authorization of the principal. As the overseer, Bob failed as a function theoretical account, and a wise man to the principal. He came across as holding his ain political docket, showing the deficiency of his leading qualities. Qualities required when constructing a successful organisation. Recommendations for Improvement Inspiring leaders have the ability to turn schools about. On the other manus mediocre leaders can alter the civilization of a school and hinder the patterned advance of successful enterprises that may be ongoing within an organisation driven by its members. â€Å" A civilization of alteration consists of great celerity and nonlinearity, on one manus and every bit great potency for originative discoveries on the other. The paradox is that transmutation would non be possible without attach toing muss † ( Fullan, 2001, p. 31 ) . It is obvious that muss is in the hereafter of Big Mountain. Changes are inevitable, and a complete restructuring of the school is recommended. From the overseer, to principal, to section leaders, and to instructors, all fail to develop a collaborative and cohesive work environment. In the instance, the prostration was initiated from the top-down where is lacked sustainable leading. Hargreaves ( 2009 ) describes five obstructions that impede effectual leading and should be addressed in the restructuring procedure of Big Mountain. The obstructions impede the successful execution of the restructuring when sequence is ill planned, sequence passages are severely managed, sequence is frequently on the incorrect frequence, sequence planning fails to see the emotional facets, and in conclusion sequence is non treated as a systemic job. Sequence in leading is an of import facet when reconstituting an organisation and it is frequently overlooked, weakening the long term alterations for a successful turn-around. Large Mountain could profit of an increased stableness in leading. It was evident that neither the overseer nor the principal were wholly dedicated to the school and its vision. The overseer and the principal could hold been more proactive in edifice and set uping a common vision for the school. Constructing a systemic leading is another of import facet that should be taken into consideration. The overseer should work on developing unfastened lines of communicating with other successful schools in the territory, and develop partnerships with the other schools where information is shared, and thoughts are exchanged leting schools to assist each other and ultimately addition accomplishment. Another recommendation involves the development of a distributed leading and the creative activity of managers for the new leading. Bolman A ; Deal ( 2008 ) depict the human resource frame, where the overseer and the principal would put more accent on constructing personal relationships, and the sc hool would profit from the constitution of an unfastened and true bottom-up leading manner doctrine. Because more and more disposal is comprised of first-time leaders, giving support to new leaders will relieve the emotional emphasis associated with the place. Supplying good back uping managers will assist the new leaders with the troubles that come with the new administrative function. A concluding option is to maintain the position quo of the school. However, without alterations in leading, the instability that exists amongst the staff will stay and will go on to decline. Leadership stableness can be improved by leading sequence, and this may be accomplished by administering successful leaders across schools in the territory and developing a support web that will help overseers, principals and instructors throughout the territory. â€Å" Successful sequence is about turning and linking leading throughout a system, non merely happening the right tantrum for single leaders. † And â€Å" Permanent betterment seldom exists without leading stableness or successful sequence. Effective sequence is a strategic challenge but non an unsurmountable 1 † ( Hargreaves A ; Fink, April 2004 ) . Mentions Bolman, L. G. , A ; Deal, T. E. ( 2008 ) .Reframing organisations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fullan, M. ( 2001 ) .Leading in a civilization of alteration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargreaves, A. ( 2009 ) . Leadership Succession and Sustainable Improvement.School Administrator, 66 ( 11 ) , 10-15. Retrieved from ERIC database. Hargreaves, A. , A ; Fink, D. ( April 2004 ) . The Seven Principles of Sustainable Leadership.Educational Leadership, 61 ( 7 ) , 8-13. Kanter, M. ( Summer 1999 ) . The Enduring Skill of Change Leaders.Leader to Leader Journal( 13 ) , 15-22. Smith, B. , A ; Louis, L. ( Winter 1999 ) . Case 2: Changes at Big Mountain High School [ Abstract ] .Journal of Cases in Educational LeadershiP, 2 ( 1 ) , 1-2.